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EPFO APFC 2025 vs EPFO APFC 2023 — what changed

120 vs 120 questions · answer-keyed 0/120 vs 120/120 · EPFO

Executive summary

  • Question style: 37% of EPFO APFC 2025 was analytical (multi-statement) vs 22% in 2023 — a marked shift toward multi-statement reasoning.
  • Biggest subject change: Computer Science & IT fell 10→0 questions (8.3%→0.0%).
  • 12 concepts recurred from 2023; 12 appeared that were absent in 2023.

Conceptual vs factual

Analytical (multi-statement) questions: 22% in 2023 → 37% in 2025 — a marked shift toward multi-statement reasoning.
Show evidence — how this is measured
Analytical = statement-based, assertion-reason, match-the-following, pairs, how-many-correct and sequence questions; factual = single-fact recall. EPFO APFC 2025: 44 analytical / 76 factual. EPFO APFC 2023: 26 analytical / 94 factual.

Subject distribution

Subject20232025Δ
English Language2020+0stable
Labour & Social Security Law1716-1stable
Commerce & Accountancy1515+0stable
Quantitative Aptitude1113+2stable
Science & Technology913+4gained
Polity & Governance911+2stable
History84-4declined
Current Affairs & Static GK29+7gained
Economy56+1stable
Computer Science & IT100-10declined
Art & Culture25+3stable
Logical Reasoning & DI42-2stable
Environment & Ecology32-1stable
Social Issues & Welfare12+1stable
International Relations11+0stable
Geography10-1stable
Defence & Military Studies01+1stable
Management & Industrial Relations10-1stable
Agriculture10-1stable
"Gained/declined" is flagged only where the change is ≥3 questions and ≥3 percentage points; smaller moves are normal year-to-year variation (shown as stable).
Show evidence — Science & Technology in EPFO APFC 2025 (13 Qs)
Q36 · EPFO 2025 Consider the following statements : 1. India's bio-economy contributes about 4.2…
Q52 · EPFO 2025 As a countermeasure to drone swarm attack, an effective way is to use electromag…
Q53 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following is the correct method employed by GPS to find the …
Q54 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following is the correct nature of the substance filling up …
Q55 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following statements with regard to fatty acids is correct ?…
Q57 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following is known as Carbolic acid ?…
Q58 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following is the primary commercial use of Amines ?…
Q59 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following with regard to ChatGPT is correct ?…
Q60 · EPFO 2025 For training and deploying complex models in Artificial Intelligence, which one …
Q61 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following correctly stands for SSL encryption with regard to…
Q62 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements with regard to the solid state drive (SSD) is/…
Q63 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following could be a permanent memory of a computer ?…
Q65 · EPFO 2025 Which one among the following determines the Hardness Index of fresh water ?…
Show evidence — Science & Technology in EPFO APFC 2023 (9 Qs)
Q51 · EPFO 2023 Two lenses of powers +2·0 D and –2·5 D are combined to make an optical instrumen…
Q52 · EPFO 2023 For an inelastic collision between two objects, which one among the following st…
Q53 · EPFO 2023 A train starting from rest with a uniform acceleration attains a speed of 108 km…
Q54 · EPFO 2023 An object is placed in front of a concave mirror at infinity. Which one of the f…
Q60 · EPFO 2023 Which of the following are the major objectives of setting up of Biotechnology I…
Q88 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following is not a soap?…
Q89 · EPFO 2023 The human eyeball is composed of three layers. The correct sequence of the layer…
Q90 · EPFO 2023 Consider the following reaction : 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l). Which one of the fol…
Q91 · EPFO 2023 The pillar-like structures which hang vertically downward from the aerial branch…
Show evidence — History in EPFO APFC 2025 (4 Qs)
Q21 · EPFO 2025 The rebellions that broke out at regular intervals against the British authoriti…
Q22 · EPFO 2025 Consider the following : 1. Deccan Revolt 2. Santhal Rebellion 3. Kherwar Moveme…
Q23 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements about Home Rule Movement is/are correct ? 1. T…
Q24 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements regarding the Freedom Struggle from 1920 to 19…
Show evidence — History in EPFO APFC 2023 (8 Qs)
Q21 · EPFO 2023 Which one among the following pertaining to the works of Nineteenth-Twentieth Ce…
Q22 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following was an important contributing factor in the rise of M…
Q24 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following statements about ancient Indian pottery is correct?…
Q62 · EPFO 2023 Kautilya in his Arthashastra describes the availability of varieties of pearls f…
Q63 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following pairs of Dynasty and King of the Vijayanagara Empire …
Q64 · EPFO 2023 'Vengi', the capital city of the Eastern Chalukyas, is identified with which one…
Q65 · EPFO 2023 Who among the following was the first elected King of the Pala Dynasty in Kamaru…
Q66 · EPFO 2023 Freedom fighter Agadhu Samantra (Orissa) served the British-Indian Army. Later o…
Show evidence — Current Affairs & Static GK in EPFO APFC 2025 (9 Qs)
Q111 · EPFO 2025 Shri Jatin Goswami, a Padma Bhushan awardee in the year 2025, is an exponent of …
Q112 · EPFO 2025 Two Indian Servicemen were posthumously conferred with the Dag Hammarskjold meda…
Q113 · EPFO 2025 Consider the following statements : 1. Space Exploration Technologies Corp. is c…
Q114 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements relating to 2026 FIFA Men's Football World Cup…
Q115 · EPFO 2025 Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra was removed from Thailand's Constitutional…
Q116 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements relating to the 'Scheme for Promotion of Regis…
Q117 · EPFO 2025 'Zero Defect, Zero Effect' is an initiative of which one among the following Min…
Q118 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements relating to the recent steps taken by the 'Emp…
Q119 · EPFO 2025 Which of the following statements relating to the recent steps taken by the Gove…
Show evidence — Current Affairs & Static GK in EPFO APFC 2023 (2 Qs)
Q118 · EPFO 2023 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2022 was awarded for…
Q120 · EPFO 2023 Which of the following statements about Santosh Trophy Tournament, 2023 is/are c…
Show evidence — Computer Science & IT in EPFO APFC 2023 (10 Qs)
Q46 · EPFO 2023 Which of the following operators connects a structure variable and its element?…
Q47 · EPFO 2023 Which of the following is not a top-down language?…
Q48 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following attributes is required for internal linking in HTML?…
Q49 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following types of operating systems is designed to respond to …
Q50 · EPFO 2023 What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 5A6D?…
Q82 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following is not a correct IP address?…
Q83 · EPFO 2023 In mesh topology, if we have six computers, how many links must be there?…
Q84 · EPFO 2023 The binary equivalent of the octal number 473 is…
Q85 · EPFO 2023 Which one among the following commands is used to check the error status of hard…
Q86 · EPFO 2023 Which one of the following registers contains the address of the next location i…

Concept-level changes

Recurring — in both papers

Employees' Compensation Act, 1923Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952Industrial Disputes Act, 1947Payment of Wages Act, 1936Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948International Labour OrganizationTrade Unions Act, 1926ConservatismAccount ClassificationSupreme Court of IndiaInventory ValuationDirective Principles of State Policy

New this year

RatioTribal revoltsRampa RebellionPeasant movementsBhimbetkaArtificial IntelligenceStorage Devices ★PercentageWorkmen Compensation ★Maternity BenefitMaternity Benefit Act, 1961Employees' Provident Fund Organisation ★

Not tested this year

All India Trade Union CongressIndian National Trade Union CongressCentre of Indian Trade UnionsBharatiya Mazdoor SanghJohn MarshallAlexander CunninghamArchaeological Survey of IndiaMagadhaEllora CavesDepartment of Economic Affairs
★ = first appearance in the corpus. Not tested this year ≠ dropped — concepts often return. Click any concept for its full cross-exam history (your evidence). Tagging is provisional, so this layer is directional.

Cross-exam connections

Recurring concepts here that also travel across other UPSC exams — the same idea, reframed. Click any for its full timeline.
International Labour Organizationallied → CSE
EPFO 2016 → CSE 2018 → ESE 2022 → CDS 2024
Directive Principles of State Policy
CSE 1981 → CDS 2017 → CAPF 2018 → NDA 2020 → GEO 2022 → EPFO 2023 → LDCE 2023 → CBI 2023 → CISF 2025
Supreme Court of India
CSE 1979 → CDS 2016 → CISF 2021 → NDA 2022 → CAPF 2023 → EPFO 2023 → CBI 2023 → GEO 2025

Preparation takeaways

  • If this style shift persists, prioritise multi-statement reasoning practice over single-fact recall — but confirm against a third year before treating it as a trend.
  • Science & Technology carried more weight this year (9→13); ensure it is not under-prepared. A single year is a noisy signal, so weigh it against earlier papers.
  • History was lighter this year (8→4); do not drop it — single-year dips frequently reverse.
Methodology & caveats
All figures are computed from CrispUPSC's verified PYQ corpus — no opinions, no predictions, no AI-written analysis. A single paper per year is a small, noisy sample, so a two-year difference is a change, not a trend; a subject is flagged as moved only when it shifts ≥3 questions and ≥3 percentage points. Concept tagging is provisional, so concept lists are directional. "Not tested this year" never means a concept was dropped. This page explains how UPSC has changed; it does not predict future papers.
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