Conceptual vs factual
Analytical (multi-statement) questions: 21% in 2025 → 35% in 2026 — a marked shift toward multi-statement reasoning.
Show evidence — how this is measured
Analytical = statement-based, assertion-reason, match-the-following, pairs, how-many-correct and sequence questions; factual = single-fact recall. NDA I 2026: 51 analytical / 95 factual. NDA I 2025: 31 analytical / 119 factual.
Cross-exam connections
Recurring concepts here that also travel across other UPSC exams — the same idea, reframed. Click any for its full timeline.
IndiaCSE 1980 → CDS 2014 → CAPF 2014 → EPFO 2020 → NDA 2021 → CISF 2021 → LDCE 2023 → GEO 2025 → ESE 2026
NITI AayogCSE 2015 → CDS 2015 → CAPF 2018 → EPFO 2020 → GEO 2021 → ESE 2022 → LDCE 2023 → CISF 2024 → NDA 2025
GravitationCSE 1979 → CDS 2014 → CAPF 2014 → NDA 2023 → GEO 2023
Methodology & caveats
All figures are computed from CrispUPSC's verified PYQ corpus — no opinions, no predictions, no AI-written analysis. A single paper per year is a small, noisy sample, so a two-year difference is a change, not a trend; a subject is flagged as moved only when it shifts ≥3 questions and ≥3 percentage points. Concept tagging is provisional, so concept lists are directional. "Not tested this year" never means a concept was dropped. This page explains how UPSC has changed; it does not predict future papers.